GENERAL INFORMATION RENOVATION PROCESS RETROFIT SOLUTIONS EVALUATION

Magasinet i Varvsstaden, Malmö

Jagaregatan 4

211 19

Malmö, Suède

Architect

Wingårdhs Architects ab

Jagaregatan 4, 211 19 Malmö

Owner

Varvsstaden

Erik Wennerholm

Erik.Wennerholm@varvsstaden.se

Contact Details

Sharon Pulvino

Uppsala Universitet

Västra hamnen is one of Malmö's development areas where the shipyard's old industrial site is being transformed into a new neighbourhood with both businesses and housing. The warehouse building is part of the oldest group of buildings in Västra hamnen and in 2020 an extensive renovation was carried out to transform the building from its original use as a warehouse and model making to an office building.

GENERAL INFORMATION RENOVATION PROCESS RETROFIT SOLUTIONS EVALUATION

Energy performance

94,4 kWh/m2.y

Climate Zone Dfc

Altitude 2

HDD 2403

CDD 17

Protection level Not listed

Conservation Area:
Oui

Level of Protection:
q1 (the building is of particular cultural and historical value and must not be altered).

Building age 1900-1944

Year of last renovation:
0

Building use Offices

Secondary use:
NA

Building occupancy:
Permanently occupied

Number of occupants/users:
150

Building area Net floor area [m²]: 3525,0

Building typology:
Industrial building

Number of floors:
3

Basement yes/no:
No

Number of heated floors:
3

Gross floor area [m²]:
4500,0

Thermal envelope area [m²]:
4276,0

NFA calculation method:
Sweden

Construction type

Concrete frame

External finish:
Exposed brickwork

Internal finish:
Plastered (on hard)

Roof type:
Pitched roof

+ MORE - LESS

West facade, existing. Source: Varvsstaden

RENOVATION PROCESS

Architecture

BUILDING DESCRIPTION

The Varvsstaden property is made up of industrial buildings of varying character, built mainly from the 1910s to the 1980s. When it was built in 1917, Magasinet housed various storerooms, a model carpentry workshop on the third floor and a model warehouse in the attic. At this time, part of the ground floor served as a fire station. The warehouse has a rectangular shape and is built on three floors. A staircase tower on the southern facade extends above the roof slope and is crowned by a gable roof. The facades of the buildings are made of red brick with decorations in lime sandstone. The arched cast-iron windows are arranged in groups of three on the two upper floors and in groups of two on the ground floor. On the ground floor there are gates, doors and some windows painted with green colour and mainly made of wood. In the building's interior, the load-bearing concrete frame is visible, with columns and beams. The floors are generally spacious, open spaces with poured concrete floors. The building has a high architectural and cultural-historical value.

Urban context

In addition to the buildings, the area contains a number of distinctive physical traces that testify to the industrial activity that took place here: the north-eastern dock, the two wooden piers out to the shipyard basin and the two huge overhead cranes to the north and west. Another special feature of the site is the well-preserved, cone-shaped shelter and a small courtyard. The warehouse has an outdoor environment with direct access to both greenery and water. This means that those who work here can easily change perspectives and spend the working day both inside and outside. At Magasinet's northern gable, the mikropark, unknown to most people, adds greenery to the neighbourhood. Complete with full-grown trees and a statue of Kockum's founder, it is like a lung for the neighbourhood where the atmosphere is quiet and relaxing. Along the water space to the south, an almost kilometre-long waterfront promenade is being built.

Heritage Assessment Files

Heritage value assessment report

Historic preservation study

State of repair

Conditions of the envelope

The original design of the warehouse was quite intact when we started the renovation. The floor plan was relatively open/clean and uncomplicated without partitions etc. which meant that we did not have to demolish/clean up to any great extent before the renovation began. The major measures that were taken before the remodelling were that we demolished the northern part of the building extension and demolished the concrete base plate on the ground floor to be able to decontaminate the soil under the building. The soil decontamination involved excavating and removing about 1-1.5 metres of contaminated soil under the concrete slab.

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

ELEMENTS WORTHY OF PRESERVATION

Building components with high architectural value are: - The facades. Thanks to the geometric divisions of the long facades in the pilasters, the richness of detail in the patterned masonry and the masonry arches over the doors and windows, the building looks harmonious when viewed from a distance and impressive when viewed up close. - The cast iron windows and the masonry detailing around them are typical elements of early 20th century industrial architecture. - The framework of load-bearing facades and reinforced concrete columns and floor slabs allows for open spaces that run through the entire width of the building, without transverse walls, on all floors.

Heritage Value Assesment

The warehouse building is a good example of the type of buildings built during the expansion of industrial society around 1900. With the development of new machines, the former craft production was transformed into mass production on a large scale. This was reflected in the industrial buildings, which utilised the new possibilities of steel and concrete structures of the time. The first group of buildings built by Kockums in Västra Hamnen was designed by architect Axel Stenberg in a detailed historicist style. According to the archive material, the warehouse building was designed and constructed by the company AB Armerad Betong, and the building's frame is, as one of the earliest examples in the shipyard, cast in concrete. However, the building's façade architecture follows the same style as Axel Stenberg's buildings in terms of materials, expression and proportions, and even though this building was constructed a few years later than, for example, the Machine Hall and the Foundry, the Warehouse Building is therefore one of the parts of the homogeneous group of masonry buildings from the shipyard's early period.

Aim of retrofit

Renovation + Extension

The purpose of the renovation was to convert the warehouse building into office space and to preserve the building in order to pass on the history of the shipyard and the city of Malmö and make it accessible to more people. A new entrance with a lift and stairwell has been added to the western long side of the building. Modern ventilation, heating and other technologies have been installed to create a comfortable environment for the new users. The existing cast iron windows were preserved and additionally insulated with a window cassette on the inside.

Was there any change of use?

From carpentry/warehouse to office space.

Lessons learned

Our different projects have very different conditions so it is difficult to "copy paste". We often have to apply different solutions, but the internal climate glass (behind the existing windows) and the way we insulated the walls have been applied in other projects.

Stakeholders Involvement

Architect
Wingårdhs Architects ab
Jagaregatan 4, 211 19 Malmö

Tools used

Energy calculation IDA Indoor Climate and Energy 4.8
Hygrothermal assessment NA
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) NA
Other NA

RETROFIT SOLUTIONS

External Walls

External walls without additional insulation

External walls with additional insulation

External walls without additional insulation

The walls consist of brick walls of varying thickness between floors. Floors 1 and 2 consist of 510 mm thick brick walls. Here there would be risks with additional insulation, which in the worst case could lead to frost cracking in the walls. For this reason, it has been decided that additional insulation will not be applied on these storeys.

The cultural heritage value of the exterior walls on floors 1 and 2 is not affected as no changes have been made to the existing walls.

U-value (pre-intervention) [W/m2K]: 0,97 W/m²K U-value (post-intervention) [W/m2K]: 0,97 W/m²K

More Details

Original wall build-up

Brick - Existing brickwall:
510 mm

Plaster :
5 mm

Retrofitted wall build-up

Brick - Existing brickwall:
510mm

Plaster :
5 mm

External walls with additional insulation

On floors 3 and 4, where the wall thickness is less, it was considered appropriate to insulate the walls with 50 mm Multipor, λ=0.040. This is diffusion-open and thus well suited for this particular implementation.

The conditions for further internal insulation of the walls have been investigated in consultation with the structural engineer and the archaeologist and a solution has been found together so as not to negatively affect the heritage value and character of the existing external walls.

U-value (post-intervention) [W/m2K]: 0,48 W/m²K

More Details

Original wall build-up

Brick - Existing brickwall:
380 mm

Plaster :
5 mm

Retrofitted wall build-up

Brick - Existing brickwall:
380mm

Insulation - Multipore:
50 mm

Plaster :
5 mm

Windows

Existing windows that have been restored and additionally insulated.

On the inside of the existing windows, a modern type of window cassette will be installed. Window manufacturers have been contacted to select a suitable window cassette. A thermal window will be installed to achieve a low U-value to minimise energy consumption and reduce the risk of cold draughts. Some difficulties have been encountered in the selection of the window cassette. These consist of large windows and heavy structures that are difficult to install without compromising the aesthetic appearance of the building. In order to ensure that the space between the window cassette and the existing glass does not become too hot, and thus to avoid the risk of the old windows cracking from the heat, some caution has been taken with low U and G values. The chosen window cassettes have been considered suitable from this point of view by the window supplier.

Existing windows are preserved and consist of glass in cast iron windows. Some glass has been replaced and consists of flat glass. Other glass is blown glass from the building period (probably 2-3 mm thick). thick). The ratio between replaced glass and original glass is about 1:3. The solar shading cannot be placed on the outside of the building as it affects the aesthetic and cultural values of the building. Solar shading will therefore be placed on the inside.

New window U-value Glass[W/m2K]: 0,58 New window U-value Frame [W/m2K]: 1,3

More Details

Existing window type	Fixed window
Existing glazing type	Single
Existing shading type	NA
Approximate installation year	1917

New window type	Double window
New glazing type	Double
New shading type	Moveable shading

Other interventions

ROOF

GROUND FLOOR

ROOF

The existing roof was badly damaged, so the roof was additionally insulated and the roofing felt was replaced.

The existing roof could not be insulated from the inside due to the desire to preserve the existing ceiling. This means that insulation can only be added further out in the structure, which places certain limitations on the amount of insulation that can be added without destroying the aesthetic expression of the building (200mm mineral wool). This applies with the exception of the technical spaces (fan rooms) where the insulation will be located at the top of the construction. There, additional insulation can be placed on the inside of the roof as the space will not be accessible for the building users (another 150 mm of mineral wool). Moisture risks have also been taken into account.

U-value (post-intervention) [W/m2K] 0,18

More Details

Original roof build-up

Other - Roofing felt:
10 mm

Wood paneling - Raw fibreboard:
25 mm

Wood - Cross beams, 120x150mm:
120 mm

Retrofitted roof build-up

Other - Roofing felt-2 layers:
20 mm

Wood paneling - Roofing board:
20 mm

Insulation - Stone wool insulation:
180 mm

Air gap - Vapour barrier :
20 mm

Wood paneling - Raw fibreboard:
25 mm

Wood - Cross beams, 120x150mm:
120 mm

GROUND FLOOR

Existing floors on the ground are removed and insulation is added where possible. This means that the floors will be insulated (200mm foam) up to a small distance from the walls.

The existing floor was not considered historically valuable.

U-value (post-intervention) [W/m2K] 0,17

More Details

Original groundfloor build-up

Concrete slab :
160 mm

Retrofitted groundfloor build-up

Finish - Macadam:
150 mm

Insulation - Cellular plastic:
200 mm

Concrete slab :
160 mm

HVAC

HEATING

VENTILATION

AIR CONDITIONING

DOMESTIC HOT WATER

HEATING

The renovation involved changing the heating system. The building is supplied by district heating.

The measures were carried out without major intervention in the existing structure.

More Details

	New primary heating system
New system type	District heating
Fuel	Biomass
Distribuition system	Radiators
Nominal power	kW

VENTILATION

A new ventilation system (FTX) with heat recovery has been installed.

The new freestanding ventilation system affects the aesthetic value of the rooms but at the same time helps to maintain the original industrial character of the building's interiors.

More Details

Original roof build-up	New ventilation system
Type ventilation system	Centralized
Type flow regime	Overflow
Heat recovery	Oui
Humitidy recovery	No
Nominal power	0.35-10.0 L/s m² kW
Electric power	1,8 kW
Control system	Konstant

AIR CONDITIONING

A cooling system exists only in the electrical control centre, production demo hall, chemical storage and production lab. The system consists of a district cooling system where water is cooled in one place and distributed via pipes in the building. Cooling pipes are connected to cooling installations in the fan room on the attic floor. From there, cooling pipes are routed at the ceiling to units for connection of the combi battery and out to fan air coolers placed on the wall.

The district cooling system is located in the technical areas where no historical value is affected.

More Details

	New cooling system
Type	NA
Distribuition system	Air
Nominal power	NA kW
Electric power	kW

DOMESTIC HOT WATER

The renovation also included the installation of a new hot water system with hot water circulation (HWC). A pump constantly circulates the hot water so that it is always available at every tap. This also reduces the risk of bacterial growth, as the water never gets cold or stagnant in the pipes. Hot water is stored in a hot water source in the sub-centre.

The measure was carried out without major intervention in the existing structure.

More Details

	New DHW system
Type	with heating system
Hot_water_tank	Oui
With heat recovery	No

Energy Efficiency

Energy Performance

Energy performance certificate: Dynamic energy calculations are made on a model of the building, using the IDA ICE 4.8 calculation programme. The report describes the building's energy use based on the conditions at the current stage. The building's primary energy number includes energy for heating, hot water preparation, comfort cooling, property energy (not business energy) and a calculated margin of 10%.
Voluntary certificates: No

Energy Use

Heating
Primary Energy 177,4 kWh/m2.y
Consumption_estimation_After: 94,4 kWh/m2.y

Primary Energy
Consumption_estimation_Calculation_method: Dynamic simulation (e.g. EnergyPlus)

Documents:

06.2.11 Rambeskrivning Energi klimat miljö.pdf

Source: Varvsstaden

Consumption_estimation_Including_DHW: Oui
Consumption_estimation_After: 177,4 kWh/m2.y

Costs

Investment Costs

Total investment costs
Drygt 120Mkr (about 10.000.000 Euros) (total)
Amount includes: The budget includes all costs, i.e. property costs, early stage feasibility study, design, rental/marketing, construction costs, developer costs (authorities/fees, etc.), financing, etc. What is not included is the demolition/stream cleaning and soil decontamination, which were not part of the redevelopment project itself but were carried out at an earlier stage.

Running Costs

Lifecycle cost
No