Lövstabruk, Stable building

Street 76

819 66

Tierp, Sweden


Owner

Statens Fastighetsverk
sfv@sfv.se

Contact Details

Sharon Pulvino
Uppsala Universitet

Other Information

Visits
To visit the project please contact: Cecilia Wretling, cecilia.wretling@sfv.se

The stables on the left, next to the riding school on the right. The western facades of the buildings, a part of the affected roof of the southern wing can be seen in the centre of the picture, before intervention. Source:SFV
Lövstabruk is described as Sweden's most important ironworks during the 17th to 19th centuries. The buildings from the 18th century are listed and form part of the Lövstabruk monument. The stable building in Lövstabruk was chosen as the site for installing integrated solar cells as a result of the government's requirement for the National Property Board to develop suitable electricity-generating solar panels on the so-called subsidised properties. The government grant was explicitly not to be used for other energy saving measures. The stable was used for the operation of the mill and the roof was originally covered with sheet metal. In 2022, the roof of the stable building has been fitted with integrated solar panels with the condition that the installation is carried out reversibly so that the roof structure can be restored to its previous appearance when the life of the solar panels is over. The energy from the solar panels will go to the buildings at the mill managed by the National Property Board that owns the property.
Energy performance
no data available

Climate Zone Dfc

Altitude 26 m a.s.l.

HDD 2838

CDD 21

Protection level Listed

Conservation Area:
Yes

Level of Protection:
Enskilt byggnadsminne sedan 1996

Building age 1700-1800

Year of last renovation:
2010

Year of previous renovation:
1986

Building use Industrial

Secondary use:
NA

Building occupancy:
Discontinuous occupancy (i.e. holiday home)

Building area Net floor area [m²]: 356,0

Building typology:
Stable building

Number of floors:
1

Basement yes/no:
No

Number of heated floors:
0

Gross floor area [m²]:
1830,0

NFA calculation method:
Sweden

Construction type
Brick masonry wall

External finish:
Cladding

Internal finish:
Exposed woodwork

Roof type:
Mansard roof

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The stables on the left, next to the riding school on the right. The western facades of the buildings, a part of the affected roof of the southern wing can be seen in the centre of the picture, before intervention. Source:SFV
The stables on the left, next to the riding school on the right. The western facades of the buildings, a part of the affected roof of the southern wing can be seen in the centre of the picture, before intervention. Source:SFV
Postcard from 1954 showing Lövstabruk, the stable can be seen with a patched roof in the upper right corner. /Vykort från 1954 som visar Lövstabruk, stallet syns med lappat tak i övre högra hörnet. Källa:DigitalMuseum
Postcard from 1954 showing Lövstabruk, the stable can be seen with a patched roof in the upper right corner. /Vykort från 1954 som visar Lövstabruk, stallet syns med lappat tak i övre högra hörnet. Källa:DigitalMuseum
South facade before renovation. Source:SFV / Södra fasad innan åtgärd. Source:SFV
SEE MORE +
South facade before renovation. Source:SFV / Södra fasad innan åtgärd. Source:SFV
The eastern facade before renovation. Source:SFV/ Östra fasad innan åtgärd. Source:SFV
The eastern facade before renovation. Source:SFV/ Östra fasad innan åtgärd. Source:SFV
Upper roof slope facing south after the installation of solar panels. Source:SFV/ Övre takfall mot söder efter installationen av solcellspaneler. Source:SFV
Upper roof slope facing south after the installation of solar panels. Source:SFV/ Övre takfall mot söder efter installationen av solcellspaneler. Source:SFV
Upper roof slope towards the east after the installation of solar panels. Source:SFV/ Övre takfall mot öster efter installationen av solcellspaneler. Source:SFV
Upper roof slope towards the east after the installation of solar panels. Source:SFV/ Övre takfall mot öster efter installationen av solcellspaneler. Source:SFV
Part of the eastern facade after renovation. Source:Dick Sandberg/ Del av östra fasaden efter åtgärd. Source:Dick Sandberg
Part of the eastern facade after renovation. Source:Dick Sandberg/ Del av östra fasaden efter åtgärd. Source:Dick Sandberg
Part of the eastern facade after action. Source:Dick Sandberg/ Del av östra fasaden efter åtgärd. Source:Dick Sandberg
Part of the eastern facade after action. Source:Dick Sandberg/ Del av östra fasaden efter åtgärd. Source:Dick Sandberg
Part of the eastern facade after action. Source:Dick Sandberg/Del av östra fasaden efter åtgärd. Source:Dick Sandberg
Part of the eastern facade after action. Source:Dick Sandberg/Del av östra fasaden efter åtgärd. Source:Dick Sandberg
Source: SFV
Source: SFV
Source: SFV
Source: SFV

RENOVATION PROCESS

Architecture

BUILDING DESCRIPTION

Construction of the current stables began in 1758. It was the first house in Lövstabruk to be fitted with a sheet metal roof. At that time, iron sheet was an exclusive roofing material, almost exclusively reserved for high class buildings. The stable was divided into different sections for working horses, carriage horses and riding horses. At the end of the 19th century there was room for 200 horses in the stable. At the back, towards the east, there is a wooden stable chamber, added around 1900. In 1986 the facades were restored and the iron vitriol-coloured facades were restored. At the same time it was converted into a modern stable for trotting horses. The roof of the western wing was covered with trapezoidal corrugated sheet metal. The other roof slopes were covered with boiler plate. The stable chamber has a sheet metal roof made of folded flat sheet metal. The western wing has preserved interiors with the so-called Baron Stable and the Carriage House. The large collection of carriages from the 18th century onwards is now stored in the stables. In 2010-12, the facades were again renovated and the sheet metal roof was repainted. The western wing has also been provided with sheet metal after the rearrangement in 1986, it is unclear exactly when this was done. Lövstabruk is currently a subsidised property. The Leufsta Foundation rents part of the stables that contain the carriage collection on the first floor. The remaining spaces are divided into five stables with varying numbers of boxes. The ground floor also contains a common coffee room, toilet and office space. Level 02 is mostly a cold attic, but there are also two changing rooms for the tenants and storage areas. The number of stable tenants has varied greatly over the years.

State of repair

Conditions of the envelope
The stable is built with a yellow brick frame in one floor, resting on a low unpolished natural stone plinth. The facades are smooth plastered and discolored with lime paint in yellow with white extents and mouldings. The yellow color is pigmented with iron vitriol. The facade to the east, the back, is unplastered in yellow brick. The roof is a chosen mansard roof typical of 18th-century manor house architecture. Since 1986, it has been covered with black sheet metal which has been nailed to secondarily added supporting lines/boards that run over the entire roof eaves.

HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE

ELEMENTS WORTHY OF PRESERVATION
The existing roof structure was largely preserved and only four damaged supporting cables were replaced with new ones. The installation of plywood was done to minimize attachment to the existing sub-boarding. The 4 new support cables were attached with a minimal number of nails, plywood was attached to the support cables and the new roof sheet was attached to the plywood.
Heritage Value Assesment
The grand milling area in Lövstabruk bears witness to the Swedish milling industry in the 17th and 18th centuries when Swedish bar iron was world-leading. The stable building is covered by the regulations in ch. 3. building monuments in the Cultural Heritage Act. The protective regulations regarding the stable building state that the building must be maintained so that it does not fall into disrepair and that maintenance work must be carried out so that the building's cultural-historical values ​​do not diminish. Furthermore, they also say that the building must not be demolished, moved or outwardly rebuilt or otherwise changed. Thus, the solarpanels contravene the protection regulations, which is why permission was sought from the County Administrative Board. A cultural heritage impact statement was made for the application, where it was determined that it was important that the proposed installations are reversible. However, there are small interventions in the building frames. Something that is positive for the roofs is that the underlying sheet metal and baseboard are changed so that the building's climate shell is improved. Furthermore, the conservator writes that the solar cells to a certain extent lead to distortion as it has nothing to do with traditional building maintenance. On the other hand, the installation is discreet and as it was only done on the upper roof trusses, they are barely visible from the ground and the proposed roof trusses do not have a high cultural heritage value as it is tarred roofing sheet metals from the 80s that is being demolished.

Aim of retrofit

Renovation
The purpose of installing solarpanels on the grant property was to create fossil-free property electricity and to show good examples of solarpanels in sensitive cultural environments. Among the project goals is also that of creating an installation where the real estate agency's manager can follow the facility's cost, efficiency, maintenance, need for preparatory work and supplementary work for construction and electricity, study of aging, sustainability over time, find suitable forms for cooperation, repayment period and control and regulation system.
Lessons learned
The project has been completed with the expected quality and the system is in operation. The facility is aesthetically very appealing and is a good example for SFV to showcase what can be discreetly done with modern technology in our sensitive cultural environments. The project's final cost was 8.7% above the agreed framework. The project contributes to several of SFV's goals, such as that the targeted grant for solar cells has been used and that operating costs will decrease in the future. The project was postponed for several years because the permit process was so long. However, the permit came in time and SFV managed to implement the project before the grant for solar cells expired. Finally, the project contributes to the goals of Agenda 2030 regarding sustainable energy sources. Through the project, SFV's carbon dioxide emissions are reduced.
Stakeholders Involvement
Public sector
Statens fastighetsverk
Odinslund 2, 753 10 Uppsala
sfv@sfv.se
Tools used
Other test - estimation without using any specific tool

RETROFIT SOLUTIONS



Other interventions

ROOF

ROOF

Reversible mounting of solar panels is carried out with integrated solar panels in new metal sheets of the brand Lindab SRP25N (SR=Solar roof), specially adapted for solar panels, SveaSolar was the contractor. The roof construction consisted of rough roof boards that were retained. In order to make the substrate smooth, plywood was laid over, then underlay cloth and folded sheet metal in a slightly narrower dimension than normal, approximately 400mm wide, which matches the thin film (brand Sunwind), which was glued on top (neither mono. nor polycrystalline panels).

The solution with "solar cell film" means that the sheet on the roof in question needed to be replaced, regardless of how much of the surface was covered by the solar cells. The measure thus involved an extensive intervention for the roof itself, but significantly less visual impact after the measure compared to conventional solar cell panels that are mounted on the outside of the existing roof.

U-value (pre-intervention) [W/m2K] 0 U-value (post-intervention) [W/m2K] 0
More Details
Original roof build-up
Metal sheets - Metal sheets:
25 mm
Wood paneling - Substrate for roofing sheet:
20 mm
Wood - Wooden beams:
300 mm
Retrofitted roof build-up
Metal sheets - Metal sheets with integrated solar cells:
25 mm
Wood paneling - Existing rough roof wooden boards:
20 mm
Wood - Wooden beams:
300 mm

RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

Photovoltaic

Photovoltaic

Solar cell film integrated in new folded sheet metal (Lindab Solar Roof). Solar cell modules with dimensions 3077x358 (LxW) were used. The power of the solar cells is 27.54 kW and according to calculations, the annual production should be 17,670 kWh/year. This means that the proportion of purchased energy will decrease sharply every year. Over a period of 5 years, 88,350 kWh of produced electricity is estimated to come from the facility. During 10 years, 176,700 kWh of electricity produced is estimated to come from the facility. SFV will be able to follow produced electricity monthly in SFV's system Vitec. The facility is to be used to supply the existing building with electricity. Any surplus will be able to be sold to the electricity company.

Initially, solar cells were planned on three of the roof slopes, to the north, east and South. Prior to the measure, the extent of the surface for solar cells was discussed it was established that the effect, of at least 18 kWp, as stated in the request documents, could be achieved on two roof pitches instead of three through more efficient use of the surface. With the new planning and the use of a larger area on two roofs, the effect is estimated at approx. 25-27 kWp. The measure was thus changed from three to two roof cases for mainly cultural and historical reasons. The solar cells were placed to the east and south, on the two upper parts of the roofs.

The work was carried out in stages so as not to expose too large areas and risk exposing the roof frame to rain in particular. Initially, it was intended that masonite would be used as a base for the roof sheet, this was changed to 12 millimeter thick construction plywood. Tarred roofing felt was laid as a substrate for sheet metal cladding and new sheet metal is made by Lindab SRP25N, specially adapted for solar cell film (SR=Solar roof). Solar cells in the form of series-connected thin-film modules were glued to the plate. The system has an integrated cable channel under the ridge plate.

More Details
Photovoltaic System
Type Thin film
Collector area 356,0 m²
Total nominal power 27,54 kW
Elevation angle 18,0
Overall yearly production 17670,0 kWh

Energy Efficiency

Energy Performance
Energy performance certificate: No
Voluntary certificates: No
Energy Use
Heating
Consumption_estimation_Calculation_method: NA

Primary Energy
Consumption_estimation_Calculation_method: NA
Consumption_estimation_Including_DHW: No

Costs

Financial Aspects

The project's total cost amounts to SEK 2,862,000 (ca 255.545 Euros) and the decided cost framework amounted to SEK 2,613,000 (ca 233.312 Euros). The overrun is due to the fact that there was more under-work for the contractors on the roof and that it took more hours than estimated to mount the solar cells themselves.

Investment Costs
Total investment costs
2 862 000 kr (ungefär 243 682 Euros) (total)
Amount includes: The project's implementation costs include investigations, program documents, system documents, request documents, production and budget reserve. The project has been financed in its entirety via SFV's targeted grants for solar cells and the cost has therefore been taken as ongoing maintenance on SFV's annual income statement for Lövstabruk.
Running Costs
Lifecycle cost
No