Rebecco Farm

25060

Brescia, Italien

Architekt

Arch. Barbara Scala
via Enrico Fermi, 7 - Salò
barbarascala@gmail.com

Besitzer

Pea Maria Angela
Via Don O. Piotti 15 - 25060 Pezzaze (BS)

Bewohner

"Rebecco farmer rete di imprese" Cooperative

Ansprechpartner

Alessia Buda
Politecnico di Milano
alessia.buda@polimi.it

Other Information

©Arch. Scala
‘Rebecco Farm’ project is part of the “Resilient Valleys” program, carried out as part of the Cariplo Foundation’s “AttivAree” project and the Mountain Community of Valle Trompia, aimed to give new life to the area of the high valleys Trompia and Sabbia (Brescia, Italy) by enhancing their cultural, historical and environmental potential. From an architectural point of view, the complex consists in two stone-walls buildings, in a state of abandonment and partially collapsed, with a covered area of about 300 square meters. Building A was used as a stable for recovering animals and agricultural furnitures, Building B was the main house where owners lived. Given its strategic position, the rural complex of ‘Rebecco Farm’ has been retrofitted to house a bed and breakfast (in Building A) and an educational service (in Building B), for training and aggregation activities linked to the territory agricultural knowledge.
Energieeffizienz
89,27 kWh/m2.y

Klimazone E

Höhe über dem Meer 500 m ü.d.M.

Heizgradtage 2410

Kühlgradtage 266

Unterschutzstellung nicht geschützt

Ensembleschutz:
Ja

Stufe der Unterschutzstellung:
A landscape restriction

Baualter vor 1600

Letzte Sanierung:
1980

Vorhergehende Sanierungen:
1800

Gebäudenutzung B&B - Farm

zusätzliche Nutzung:
Residential (rural)

Gebäudebelegung:
Permanently occupied

Gebäudefläche Nettogeschossfläche [m²]: 318,0

Gebäudetyp:
Detached house + Semidetached construction

Anzahl der Stockwerke:
2

Keller ja/nein:
Ja

Anzahl der beheizten Stockwerke:
2

Bruttogeschossfläche [m²]:
0,0

Volumen [m³]:
2300,0

NGF Berechnungsmethode:
Useful area (it)

Bauart
Stone masonry wall

Außen:
Exposed stonework

Innen:
Exposed stonework

Dach:
Pitched roof

+ MEHR - WENIGER
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MEHR SEHEN +
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RENOVIERUNGS-PROZESS

Architektur

BESCHREIBUNG

The Building A is the result of the reconversion from charcoal kilns to agricultural architecture. The building is actually composed by three rooms, two of which have no roof and the third, larger in width, reused as a stable on the ground floor and as barn on the first floor. The masonry is made by megalithic rocks (used for the foundations) and smaller pebbles collected directly from the river Mella, lying near the building site. On the internal perimeter masonry, we can observe the holes of partially lost beams, while upstairs large plugged openings are visible, probably used to unload coal from above but not useful, with that width, to bring hay inside the room. The internal pavement, when present, is also in pebbles. The pitch of the roof (present only over one of the rooms), covered in terracotta, shows consistent inclination. The Building B is an isolated farmhouse on two floors facing the valley in order to gain exposure to the sun. The ground floor is divided into three rooms: a full height room, housing the fireplace for processing milk and the beams on which the cheese wheels were placed for aging; two smaller rooms, obtained from a subdivision of the main space with lighweight wooden walls, construction technique widespread in the valley. Under the ground floor is located the basement, used as stable, with a very low-height wooden ceiling. The masonry is in local stone (Carniola di Bovegno) of medium size. Only in the basement room do the walls show boulders of important dimensions. The external façade is characterized by small windows and trapezoidal openings near the roof eave line, used to ventilate the attic where the hay was stored. Doors are made of wooden lintels, while windows are with wooden or metalic fixed frame and wooden sashes. The ceiling and roof structure have a main and secondary beam levels made of wood, above which are laid axes and rafters made from branches of modest size.
Städtebaulicher Kontext
Rebecco is a small village located in the Trompia Valley, in the Brescian Prealps.

Erhaltungszustand

Erhaltungszustand der Gebäudehülle
The two buildings were in a state of abandonment. In both buildings, stone walls presented additions of cement mortar for joining fallen stones and pebbles. While the roof has been deformed by weight in Building B, in Building A, the roof was partially collapsed. The floor, in pebbles, was not more existing in the majority of the two buildings. Windows were present only in Building B: some were with metal fixed frame and single glass, others with wooden frame and single glass. All were in bad state of conservation, including the internal wooden shading panels.
Haustechnische Anlagen vor Sanierung
A wood fireplace was the only heating system inside the building. In addition to that, users adopted the basement to host animals (as a recovery), bringing heat to the upper floor naturally for convection. More recently, an additional movable electric heater was used by last owners.

DENKMALWERT

ERHALTENSWERTE ELEMENTE
As main criteria of the retrofit planning, it was considered important to not alter the building masonry and the complex composition, according to the landscape restriction of the site. It was decided leaving the stonework of walls as it was (adding just a plaster to protect it from the external environement), and to not change the roof shape (preserving the typical trapezoidal roof openings and the chimney), for respecting as much as possible the constructive tradition of the Valley. Another important criterion was to respect all the elements considered memory of the past agricultural use of the complex (as the fireplace in Building B, the basement for recovering animals, the external cellar to store the food, the side loggia, the cistern for collecting water, etc.). The light wall partitions with wooden structure (typical of the local constructive tradition) has been detached and preserved inside the building. Other details (wooden lintel of the external openings, the hardware of the doors) have been evaluated important to be maintained.
Denkmalwert und wie er bestimmt wurde
The two buildings are the expression/result of a previous conversion of use, following the crisis that affected the Valtrumplino territory in the first half of the XIX Century, when the transformation of iron ore – of which the valley is very rich – was subject to innovations that were not acquired in all the peripheral centres of the valley. Rebecco Farm was born on the 16th century floor of an old smelting furnace, of which charcoal kilns and underground rooms for the storage of ‘loppe’ (iron ore processing products) are still preserved in the basement. The charcoal kilns, despite being largely lost, are the largest body: today three rooms are preserved, two of which have no roof and the third, larger in width, was reused as a stable on the ground floor and as barn on the first floor. Of the other charcoal bunkers identified in the cadastral map of 1898, no traces of walls have been found, even during excavations. In the reconversion from industrial to agricultural architecture, the planimetric survey, the masonry and the trend of the with its consistent inclination had been preserved. On the internal perimeter masonry, we can observe the holes of partially lost beams, while upstairs large plugged openings are visible, probably used to unload coal from above but not useful, with that width, to bring hay inside the room.

Ziel der Sanierung

Renovation + Extension
The project, within the Valli Resilienti project, funded by the Cariplo Foundation's Intersectoral ActivAree Program, envisaged an architectural and functional recovery of Rebecco Farm to make it a "Valorisation and Development Center for the Rural Culture of the Territory". The retrofit project began with the investment on the physical and architectural recovery of the two main buildings, the regeneration of the agricultural context through a community participatory process for the management of the entire complex.
Gab es eine Änderung der Nutzung?
The management is entrusted to a group of cooperatives-companies operating in agriculture, training and culture. So, the building has been changed to host a B&B, a farm educational area for practical workshops for producing local food, and a meeting area for students. The site is subject to a landscape restriction, so in the elaboration of the project a discussion was carried out with the Superintendence of Brescia, with whom it was agreed to extend the structures on the site of the volumes inferable from the historical cadastre, to meet the needs of future use.
Was the intervention planned following a step-by-step approach?
The decision-making process was coordinated with the various figures: private foundation, heritage authorities, designers, energy experts, local community. The exploratory tools used were interviews and focus groups, with the aim of deepening the dialogue, engaging the community and exploring territorial assets and has involved more than twenty realities in the retrofit planning.
Gewonnen Erkenntnisse / besondere Erfahrungen
Public-private partnership, together with the experts' vision of the retrofit was a winning strategy: it made possible to combine solutions in a well-calibrated system of activities, with a long-term vision of the building management. The participation of some farms, trainers, small local - and extra-local innovators - has been very good for defining the functions and the needs of the building.
Beteiligte Akteure
Öffentliche Hand
Comunità Montana Valle Trompia
via Matteotti 327 - Gardone Val Trompia
Private
Fondazione Cariplo
via Manin, 23 - Milano
Forschung und Entwicklung
Università di Brescia
via Branze, 43 -Brescia
Architekt
Arch. Barbara Scala
via Enrico Fermi, 7 - Salò
barbarascala@gmail.com
Energieberater
Arch. Alessia Buda
Piazza Aspromonte, 45 - Milano
arch.alessiabuda@gmail.com
Statiker
Ing. Nicola Archetti
VIA PADULE, 55 OSPITALETTO BS
Haustechniker
ZH Srl Spinoff Politecnico di Milano
Via Ariberto 20, 20123 - Milano
Eingesetzte Software/Berechnungstools
Folgte die Sanierung einer spezifischen Methode? EN 16883:2017
Energiebilanz EnergyPlus

SANIERUNGS-LÖSUNGEN

Außenwände

Internal insulation with hemp lime bricks and lime-hemp plaster

Integrated wall in wooden fiber panel, hemp lime bricks and lime-hemp plaster

Integrated new wall with wooden fiber panels, bricks, external ventilated wooden cladding

Insulation with reed panel and lime-hemp plaster

Internal insulation with hemp lime bricks and lime-hemp plaster

In Building B, an energy insulation solution, inspired by tradition but reinvented in a modern key have been provided, using natural fibres (hemp lime bricks) obtained from the agricultural chain.

From a conservative point of view, the choices made have respected a traditional use of the materials also in the technological solutions introduced, which provides a physical and practical demonstration of the possibility to operate in a respectful way in rural architecture. The insulation has reduced the internal space of the rooms, but it is not directly in contact with the existing wall, so to be removable.

U-Wert (vor Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 1,86 W/m²K U-Wert (nach Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 0,14 W/m²K
Mehr Details
Aufbau Bestandswand
Plaster - Gypsum+Cement Plaster (not regular):
25 mm
Stone - Carniola di Bovegno:
600 mm
Plaster - Gypsum Plaster:
25 mm
Aufbau sanierte Wand
Stone - Carniola di Bovegno:
600mm
Air gap - Not ventilated air gap:
10 mm
Insulation - Hemp bricks:
120 mm
Plaster - Hemp plaster:
25 mm
Integrated wall in wooden fiber panel, hemp lime bricks and lime-hemp plaster

In Building At has been realized an integration with a wooden fiber panel and hemp lime bricks.

The internal spaces are not compromised by the added insulation as it is placed at a certain distance from the existing wall.

U-Wert (vor Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 1,45 W/m²K U-Wert (nach Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 0,1 W/m²K
Mehr Details
Aufbau Bestandswand
Stone - Carniola di Bovegno:
650 mm
Other - No :
0 mm
Aufbau sanierte Wand
Stone - Carniola di Bovegno:
650mm
Air gap - Not ventilated air gap:
10 mm
Insulation - Hemp bricks:
120 mm
Insulation - Hemp block:
120 mm
Plaster - Lime-Hemp plaster:
25 mm
Integrated new wall with wooden fiber panels, bricks, external ventilated wooden cladding

This wall type has been used to integrate the existing fallen walls in Building A.

This stratigraphy has been designed to make it harmoniously integrated with the building complex with wood claddings laid in the same way as those used traditionally in the farmsteads of the Valley.

U-Wert (vor Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 0,0 W/m²K U-Wert (nach Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 0,24 W/m²K
Mehr Details
Aufbau Bestandswand
Other - Missing wall part:
0 mm
Other - No internal finishing:
0 mm
Aufbau sanierte Wand
Wood panelling - Wood panel (ventilated wall system):
Brick - Clay bricks:
240 mm
Insulation - Wooden fiber panel:
50 mm
Dry-lining - Plasterboard:
25 mm
Insulation with reed panel and lime-hemp plaster

Internal insulation is added to the north wall in building B, inspired by tradition but reinvented in a modern key have been provided, using natural fibres (hemp lime plaster and reeds panel) obtained from the agricultural chain.

From a conservative point of view, the choices made have respected a traditional use of the materials also in the technological solutions introduced, which provides a physical and practical demonstration of the possibility to operate in a respectful way in rural architecture. The insulation has reduced the internal space of the rooms, but it is not directly in contact with the existing wall, so to be removable.

U-Wert (vor Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 1,9 W/m²K U-Wert (nach Sanierung) [W/m2K]: 0,54 W/m²K
Mehr Details
Aufbau Bestandswand
Plaster - Gypsum+Cement Plaster (not regular):
25 mm
Stone - Carniola di Bovegno:
610 mm
Plaster - Gypsum plaster:
25 mm
Aufbau sanierte Wand
Stone - Carniola di Bovegno:
610mm
Air gap - Not ventilated air gap:
10 mm
Insulation - Reed insulating panel:
50 mm
Plaster - Lime-hemp plaster:
25 mm


Fenster

Wooden window with double glass

Internal wooden window with double glass

Wooden window with double glass

This window substitute the existing movable frames in soft iron, with single (broken) glasses, opening to the internal space.

The existing window has been substituted due to the bad conditions of both frame and glasses that were compromising the building conservation (i.e. lack of airtightness, water infiltrations, creation of mould). The external fixed soft iron grid has been maintained, to not alter the external façade.

Bestandsfenster U-Wert Glas [W/m2K]: 5,88 Neues Fenster U-Wert Glas [W/m2K]: 1,4 Bestandsfenster U-Wert Rahmen [W/m2K]: 2,8 Neues Fenster U-Wert Rahmen [W/m2K]: 1,6
Mehr Details
Fenstertyp Bestand Casement window
Verglasungsart Bestand Single
Verschattung Bestand Inner shutter
Ungefähres Einbaujahr 1880
Neuer Fenstertyp Casement window
Verglasungsart des neuen Fensters Double
Verschattung des neuen Fensters Inner shutter
Neuer Energiedurchlassgrad g [-] 0,56
Internal wooden window with double glass

The new window has been placed on the internal side of the opening frame. The external existing wooden window has been restored, restoring and preserving also the external fixed iron grid.

The new window has been placed inside (as double window), to not alter the external façade appearance and to improve the energy performance of this opening.

Bestandsfenster U-Wert Glas [W/m2K]: 5,88 Neues Fenster U-Wert Glas [W/m2K]: 1,4 Bestandsfenster U-Wert Rahmen [W/m2K]: 2,25 Neues Fenster U-Wert Rahmen [W/m2K]: 1,5
Mehr Details
Fenstertyp Bestand Casement window
Verglasungsart Bestand Single
Verschattung Bestand Inner shutter
Ungefähres Einbaujahr 1800
Neuer Fenstertyp Casement window
Verglasungsart des neuen Fensters Double
Verschattung des neuen Fensters Inner shutter
Neuer Energiedurchlassgrad g [-] 0,56

Weitere Maßnahmen

DACH

DACH

The roof in Building B has been completely rebuilt, because the existing one had wooden beams in a state of rotting and unrecoverable. In Building A, the roof was partially in bad conditions of conservation and was partially missing, so it has been rebuilt totally.

In both buildings the roof was in bad conservation conditions (and partially missing): the replacement was necessary to use the building actively today. The shape and the materials used were those of local tradition, with the addition of an wood wool insulation panel.

U-Wert (vor Sanierung) [W/m2K] 0,52 U-Wert (nach Sanierung) [W/m2K] 0,17
Mehr Details
Aufbau Bestandsdach
Tiles - Terracotta roof tiles:
50 mm
Other - Wooden beams:
250 mm
Other - Wooden floor:
50 mm
Other - Lime mortar:
25 mm
Aufbau saniertes Dach
Tiles - New Terracotta roof tiles:
50 mm
Other - non-woven fabric:
2 mm
Other - Wooden panelling:
20 mm
Other - Wooden insulating panel:
160 mm
Other - Wooden beam:
160 mm

HVAC

HEIZUNG

HEIZUNG

Heating is guaranteed by a wood fire boiler located in the basement of Building B, which covers the whole complex.

The wood fire boiler is located in a secondary space (basement) - avoiding the impact on space - and connected to serve the entire complex with channels lying undersoil. Ventilation grids are placed at the floor level. The exausting air channel for the outlet of burning emissions is placed along the façade, similar to a gutter tube, without altering the visual impact of the building and being recognizable and reversible. The low impact of this solution is also in the choice of wood as fuel: this originated from the discussion between the future managers, who evaluated the abundance of wood harvested by cleaning the woods and undergrowth of the valley.

Mehr Details
Heizungssystem nach Sanierung
Art der Heizung Boiler
Brennstoff Biomass
Wärmeverteilung Air
Nennleistung 32 kW

ERNEUERBARE ENERGIE

Biomasse

Biomasse

Heating is guaranteed by a wood fire boiler located in the basement of Building B, which covers the whole complex.

The wood fire boiler is located in a secondary space (basement) - avoiding the impact on space - and connected to serve the entire complex with channels lying undersoil. Ventilation grids are placed at the floor level. The exausting air channel for the outlet of burning emissions is placed along the façade, similar to a gutter tube, without altering the visual impact of the building and being recognizable and reversible. The low impact of this solution is also in the choice of wood as fuel: this originated from the discussion between the future managers, who evaluated the abundance of wood harvested by cleaning the woods and undergrowth of the valley.

Mehr Details
Biomass System
Type Pellet
Storage size
Origin of biomass
Overall yearly production kWh

Energieeffizienz

Energieeffizienz
Energieausweis CENED+ Lombardia Certificated class: G
Freiwillige Zertifikate Nein
Energievrabrauch
Energieverbrauch nach Sanierung 89,27 kWh/m2.y

Primärenergie
Berechnungsmethode Dynamic simulation (e.g. EnergyPlus)
Energieverbrauch incl Brauchwarmwasser Ja

Kosten

Finanzielle Aspekte

The Rebecco Farm is included within the 'AttivAree Program', financed by the Cariplo Foundation (Banking Foundation), with the aim to act in fragile territorial areas which present situations of abandonment and discomfort for the few remaining residents.

Investitionskosten
Total investment costs
712.500 (total)
Amount includes: 550,000 are destined for the works, 11,000 are destined for the accompanying activities of the participatory planning and its communication, 70,000 are intended for the operation of the three-year start-up of the management of the Center, 12,500 for development supervision design
Betriebskosten
Lifecycle cost
Nein

Umwelt

Water Management

Rainwater recovery in a storage tank, placed in the basement of Building B, to be used for irrigation purpose.